Perfusion-sensitive MR methods are increasingly utilized in preclinical and clinical MR research studies with the promise of providing quantitative estimates of parameters that describe in vivo microvasculature. One of these techniques, dynamic contrast enhanced DCE) MRI, has found particularly common use in oncology for the detection, staging, and monitoring of highly vascularized tumors. DCE-MRI has …
Tag Archive: Radiology
Mar
09
Dynamic cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for improved assessment of ischemic heart disease
Magnetic resonance imaging MRI) is one of the most powerful non-invasive imaging modalities whose strengths include flexible tissue contrast, sensitivity to flow, and the lack of any harmful radiation. Ischemic heart disease IHD) is a leading cause of death in the western world, and as such, MR approaches for the assessment of IHD have gained …
Mar
09
Spatiotemporal dynamics of low frequency fluctuations in BOLD fMRI
Traditional fMRI utilizes blood oxygenation level dependent BOLD) contrast to map brain activity. BOLD signal is sensitive to the hemodynamic changes associated with brain activity, and gives an indirect measure of brain activity. Low frequency fluctuations LFFs) have been observed in the BOLD signal even in the absence of any anesthetic agent, and the correlations …
Mar
08
Active staining for in vivo magnetic resonance microscopy of the mouse brain
Mice have become the preferred model system for studying brain function and disease. With the powerful genetic tools available, mouse models can be created to study the underlying molecular basis of neurobiology in vivo. Just as magnetic resonance imaging is the dominant tool for evaluating the human brain, high-resolution MRI—magnetic resonance microscopy MRM)—is a useful …
Mar
08
Validation of EIT using Simultaneous Dynamic CT images
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) estimates a cross-sectional conductivity image of a body from surface electrical measurements. One promising application of EIT is for monitoring lung ventilation to help optimize management of intensive care patients. To test the applicability of EIT for this application, it is important to validate EIT images to understanding of the magnitude …
Mar
04
Long-term bone marrow culture as a model for radiation bone marrow injury
Micronucleated reticulocytes MN-RET) are recognized as a sensitive index of genotoxicity of bone marrow induced by chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation, as verified by in vivo study. To my knowledge, there is no in vitro model available to reproduce this observation. Based on charcoal-treated FBS, a murine erythropoiesis model in the 3D long-term bone marrow …
Mar
02
Parallel computing techniques for computed tomography
X-ray computed tomography is a widely adopted medical imaging method that uses projections to recover the internal image of a subject. Since the invention of X-ray computed tomography in the 1970s, several generations of CT scanners have been developed. As 3D-image reconstruction increases in popularity, the long processing time associated with these machines has to …
Feb
24
Shape influence in medical image segmentation with application in computer aided diagnosis in CT colonography
Computer-aided diagnosis CAD) is a procedure in medicine that assists radiologists or physicians in the interpretation of medical images. The application of CAD in screening colorectal cancer CRC) has been studied for more than two decades. CRC is the second most deadly form of cancer in men and women in the United States. Nearly all …
Feb
23
Reconstruction and Analysis Methods in Diffusion and Anatomical MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI), along with its extension, Diffusion-Weighted MRI, is a noninvasive imaging modality which has become popular for clinical and research purposes. The raw data obtained from the MRI scanner may not be immediately usable by the health professional, thereby creating the need for additional methods to make more sensible representations of the …
Feb
21
New Approaches for the Analysis of the Brain’s Resting State
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has increasingly gained attention since its introduction fifteen years ago. Its simple data collection procedure makes it a potentially useful clinical tool to investigate reorganization or adaptation of the brain’s functional connections in the presence of neurological disease. Methods of data analysis, however, are not well established, and there …